Community Gardens Essay -- Personal Narrative Culture Papers

Community GardensAs I tire of the ongoing struggle amid my umbrella and the wind, I look for a warm, sheltered corner to pause and pull myself together. All I see is a deserted set lot. Frustrated, I step onto the concrete under the awning of a neighboring building and fumble with the weathered wiring of my umbrella. Fighting the torrential rain isnt my judgement of a nice afternoon as my venture to explore the picturesque EastVillage turns into hugging the side of a building to escape a storm, staring at black pavement marked and divided with white lines. As I muse over how unpleasing the aesthetics of a parking lot are, I notice a worn 8 by 11 thorn stuck to the wall of the building. The phrase Save Our Gardens frames a torn caricature of Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. I wonder why someone would put up a poster in this parking lot because no one is likely to see it.The bust on the sticker stand out because they remove the first printed layer of the image. Someone who inhabited this length just as I have has do a physical statement representing his or her response to the sticker. Was it the mocking picture of Giuliani that captured their attention and inspired their resistance? Was it the gardens? Or was it the location? Regardless, it is clear that the Save Our Gardens sticker has aroused controversy. I am reminded of Enactments of Power The Politics of Performance Space, an essay by Ngugi Wa ThiongO that investigates the rich content of a performance space in the context of post-colonial Kenya. He explains that the space is never empty (291). According to Ngugi, even a space as sterile as a parking lot can be the site of physical, social, and psychic forces in society that often reveal points of contention, mani... ...l interview. 23 Feb. 2003.Geertz, Clifford. Deep Play Notes on a Balinese Cockfight. The dry land Through Art The go on College Essay. Ed. Darlene A. Forrest, Pat C. Hoy II and Randy Martin. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 145-78.Goulish, Matthe w. How Does a Work Work Where? The World Through Art The Advanced College Essay. Ed. Darlene A. Forrest, Pat C. Hoy II and Randy Martin. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 184-87.Greenblatt, Stephen. Culture. The World Through Art The Advanced College Essay. Ed. Darlene A. Forrest, Pat C. Hoy II and Randy Martin. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 188-95.Sonia. individual(prenominal) interview. 23 Feb. 2003.ThiongO, NgugiWa. Enactments of Power The Politics of Performance Space. The World Through Art The Advanced College Essay. Ed. Darlene A. Forrest, Pat C. Hoy II and Randy Martin. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 287-319.

The Integration of Cognitive and Behavior Therapy Essay -- Psychology

My personal theoretical orientation to counseling is cognitive- behavioural therapy. Cognitive- deportmental therapy helps the client to uncover and alter distortions of thought or perceptions which may be causing or prolonging psychological distress. The theoretical foundations of CBT are essentially those of the behavioral and cognitive approaches. CBT leads to a clear, persuasive, and evidence-based description of how normal and abnormal behavior develops and changes (Kramer 293). The term cognitive-behavioral therapy or CBT is a term for therapies with many similarities. CBT is not used as a cure and often times used to help with anxiety or drop-off the most, and may be single or in group settings. There are several approaches to this form of therapy which include, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Rational Behavior Therapy, Rational Living Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Dialectic Behavior Therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviors. External things, like people, situations, and events do not. The greatest benefit of this situation is that we can change the way we think, feel, act, and even more so if the situation does not change. In the development of methods of CBT, findings from basic research on the key concepts absorb been blended with cognitive theories. The most important of these findings are the following The first is depressive behavior, including low energy, lack of interest, helplessness, and other reductions in psychomotor activity, can be successfully modified with behavioral techniques. The second one is exposure therapy and related methods are particularly effective interventions for many disorders. The last one is that behavioral interventions c... .... An Introduction to Cognitive Therapy & Cognitive BehavioralApproaches. Counselling Resource. Counselling Resource, 02 Nov 2010. Web.1 Dec 2010. http//counsellingresource.com/types/cognitive-therapy/index.html. Pucci, A ldo. Techniques/Methods. What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? 2010 1.Web. 27 Nov 2010. .Pucci, Aldo. Therapeutic Relationship. What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? 20101. Web. 27 Nov 2010. .Rubarth, Scott. Stoic Philosophy of Mind. IEP, 2005. Web.. Unknown, Author. CBT Techniques I. CUNY Edu., 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010.. Wright, Jesse H. Cognitive Behavior Therapy Basic Principles and Recent Advances.American Psychiatric Association. IV.2 (2006) 6. Print.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Air Crash Victims :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

Accidents occur unexpectedly and the effects they bring about may be gruelling depending on their nature. The effects that are brought about by accidents vary in severity, and duration within which they affect individuals either directly or indirectly tie to the incidence. Air crash is one of the most fatal accidents and in most of the reported cases in that location have been more casualties than survivors. The effects that are brought about by an air crash may be classified as either physical or psychological. In the physical effects, air crash brings about death, hinderance and injuries. The effects from air crash are determined by among other things, the cause of the crash, the altitude and its speed at the time of crash. In addition, whether the aircraft catches fire or not after crash is another issue that determines severity of air accidents. There have been situations when survivors of air crash beared to fires erupting upon hitting the ground. Since the crash limits mob ility, most of the victims succumb helplessly before the arrival of rescue teams. Among the different categories of persons affected by air crash, there are the survivors, family members and friends, members of the rescue team and the health practitioners handling the victims. temporary hookup the survivors may be affected by both physical and psychological aspects, most of the indirect victims suffer from psychological problems. After crashing, there are individuals who set to remain arrive and in some instances leave the airplane before fire eruption. These persons are mostly partially hurt but get to perplex the others burning helplessly inside the aircraft. The experiences by either direct or indirect victims lead to development of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Epstein, Fullerton & Ursano 1998). This is a serious condition that affects persons having disturbing pasts, and who might have experienced shocking incidences. The problem is manifested within an individual after th e scenes from past experiences starts top recur, and they disturb the calm and rational aspect in an individual. Such persons may start to hallucinate, experience strange and horrifying dreams and if not monitored in time, the disease can get worse. strong-arm defects that may be experienced after air crash differ according to the impact and the nature of the crash. While to some it may be worse, there are those who manage to escape with slight injuries. The survivors of air crash first develop stress and depression, coupled with fear.

Prescription narcotics Essay -- essays research papers

The Need for Restrictions Why there should be stricter regulations on the availability of prescription narcoticsDespite efforts to decrease the number of deaths and overdoses colligate to narcotic medications, such as OxyContin, and minimize the number of heap illegally obtaining them, the measures that the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) in specific are taking are not enough. The literal interpretation of a narcotic is a drug that produces numbness or stupor often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain extensive persona can lead to addiction. Narcotics are normally prescription medications that are given to patients to help ease the constant pain cause by cancer or other long term illnesses. When one in 10 high school seniors reports abusing prescription painkillers, the DEA is obligated to protect our children and the public golosh says Karen P. Tandy administrator of the DEA(1). Tandy is saying that when the abuse of prescription pain medication is taking over that many an(prenominal) students the DEA must step in for the sake of future generations. there is a long process that not many average Americans know about that all pharmaceutical products, especially addictive medications have to go with before they reach home medicine cabinets. This process is called Diversion. It is an important chain like process that the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) have been using for years to look at where highly addictive drugs, like OxyContin, go and who they come into contact with. From the pharmaceutical company that literally make the product, to the drug wholesalers that sell the product, and then into the hands of doctors and pharmacies who prescribe and distri just nowe the medications. The purpose of diversion is to take the information and look for certain situations where drugs were lost, stolen, or illegally distributed and give proper punishment to those people. The problem of abusing prescription narcotics became perceptibly out of control in the 1990s. The problem lies in the fact that it is 2005 and the numbers of overdoses and deaths have been and are still rising at astonishing rates.An argument however, that many people have about advancing restrictions on OxyContin and other schedule 2 narcotics is that the needed process that one might have to go through and through in order to properly obtain the drug would be an invasion of privacy. Some believe that reportin... ...rsthe number of patients in motor vehicle crashes who are mender impaired, says John H. Burton, MD Medical Director for Maine Emergency Medical Services.(3)To think that the problem of abusing any kind of drug would just disappear with one radical is naive and absurdly optimistic. However, to think that all the DEA is doing right now to prevent harmfully addictive and destructive medications is enough is plain ignorant. The DEA has made substantial come toward making OxyContin and other prescribed narcotics less available for abusers. But first hand accounts and shocking statistics prove that these measures are clearly not enough. It is true and exit always be true that free will is a legitimate part of this equation. The abuse of any kind of drug is almost guaranteed to be display at all times no matter how hard the government tries. If a person wants it they will have it. The fact also remains that people with addictions cannot control themselves or their addictions, thats why it is called an addiction. Therefore making it the partial obligation of the DEA and the government to not only recognize this desperate need for restrictions but do something more about it.

Macbeth - The Importance Of Night :: essays research papers

When I thought about the role that the word "night" would shimmer in the tragic play "Macbeth," I found that there were a variety of possibilities. Immediately, I thought of the nighttime as a period of bide and revitalization. I expected that this would allow characters to recover from the days many demands. Secondly, I connected the night to the unknown. In the nights cloak of darkness, many more things could go undiscovered than in the revealing light of day. Next, I thought that the night would mean vulnerability. As the evening c loses in, everyone begins to wind down, not expecting any real action until the breaking of the dawn. In addition, while one is sleeping, they are susceptible to almost anything. The most logical time to make an attack would definitely be after nightfall. Lastly and by chance most importantly, is nights correlation with evilness. As children, we were all afraid of nasty monsters that lurked in the darkness of night. The night has lon g been believed to host supernatural beings and occurrences. As I take on the play and came upon the word "night," I was surprised to discover that all four aspects of my hypothesis were correct. First, in act I, we follow the first usage, night as a period for rest and revitalization. In scene iii, lines 19-23, the First Witch says, Sleep shall neither night nor day / Hang upon his penthouse lid / He shall live a man forbid / Weary sevnights nine times nine / Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine / Though his bark bearnot be lost, / Yet it shall be tempest-tossed.Here, she is punishing the bluejacket by depriving him of his sleep, which she realizes is important for anyone to function normally. Without the ability to recuperate after each hard days work, one would grow very weak and eventually start to lose ones mind. Next, we can observe nights connection to the unknown. As seen in my word journal, Lady Macbeth beckons, Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest smok e of hell, / That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, / Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, / To cry "Hold, hold" Without the obscurity of night, she would not have urged Macbeth to kill the king as she did. The night, however, gives her the impression that Macbeth can indeed kill King Duncan with no one uncovering his contemptible crime, the same idea that Macbeth had when he said, "Stars, hide your fires / Let not light see my black and deep desires.

Macbeth - The Importance Of Night :: essays research papers

When I thought about the role that the word "night" would play in the tragic play "Macbeth," I found that there were a variety of possibilities. Immediately, I thought of the nighttime as a period of rest and revitalization. I expected that this would allow characters to recover from the days many demands. Secondly, I connected the night to the unknown. In the nights cloak of darkness, many more things could go undiscovered than in the revealing light of day. Next, I thought that the night would mean vulnerability. As the evening closes in, everyone begins to wind down, not expecting any real action until the breaking of the dawn. In addition, while one is sleeping, they are susceptible to almost anything. The most synthetical time to make an attack would definitely be after nightfall. Lastly and perhaps most importantly, is nights correlation with evilness. As children, we were all afraid of nasty monsters that lurked in the darkness of night. The night has long b een believed to host supernatural beings and occurrences. As I read the play and came upon the word "night," I was surprised to discover that all quatern aspects of my hypothesis were correct. First, in act I, we see the first usage, night as a period for rest and revitalization. In scene iii, lines 19-23, the First Witch says, stay shall neither night nor day / Hang upon his penthouse lid / He shall live a man forbid / Weary sevnights nine times nine / Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine / Though his bark cannot be lost, / Yet it shall be tempest-tossed.Here, she is punishing the sailor by depriving him of his sleep, which she realizes is important for anyone to function normally. Without the ability to recuperate after each(prenominal) hard days work, one would grow very weak and eventually start to lose ones mind. Next, we can observe nights connection to the unknown. As seen in my word journal, peeress Macbeth beckons, Come, thick night, / And pall thee in the dunnest s moke of hell, / That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, / Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, / To cry "Hold, pee-pee" Without the obscurity of night, she would not have urged Macbeth to kill the king as she did. The night, however, gives her the impression that Macbeth can indeed kill King Duncan with no one uncovering his pitiable crime, the same idea that Macbeth had when he said, "Stars, hide your fires / Let not light see my black and deep desires.

Bingo vs Lays

Project embrace On I. T. C bingo V/S Frito- rigs V/S Submitted ByUnder the guidance ofSubmitted to Harpratap Singh- Prof. Santosh DharJ. K. Lakshmipat M. B. A II Semester(Professor MBA Dept)University, Mr. Sachin KadamJaipur (Area Executive ITC Mumbai) Declaration I presentby declargon that my Project Report entitled I. T. C lotto V/S Frito-Lays is an authentic work d unriv alled by me. The Project was undertaken as a part of the course program of MBA of J. K. Lakshmipat University, Jaipur, Rajasthan. This has not been submitted to some(prenominal) other exami soil body earlier. Date Signature grace JaipurHarpratap Singh MBA II Semester Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Santosh Dhar my bewilder guide from institute of Management, J. K. Lakshmipat University, Jaipur, Rajasthan and my beau monde Guide Area Executive Mr. Sachin Kadam for the successful completion of my project I. T. C lotto v/s Frito-Lays. I sincerely thank them for thei r widen support and encouragement from the initial to the final stages enabling me to develop a better understanding and provided me proper and correct direction for the completion of the Project work.Date Harpratap Singh Place Jaipur MBA II Semester Content S. No. Title Page No. 1. Title 1 2. Declaration & Acknowledgement 2-3 3. Executive drumhead 5 4. Company profile 6-15 5. Industry Over suasion 16-17 6. Project Objectives 18 7. seek Methodology 19-20 8. About lotto & Lays 21-34 9. Observations and Findings 35-37 10. Data Collection, Representation & Interpretation 38-48 11. Recommendations 49-50 12. Conclusion 51 13. Annexure 52-53 4. References 54 Executive Summary Since its propel period in March, 2007, BINGO as a stigmatise has been through with(predicate) a lots of ups and downs. Both markering and Sales and Distribution aspects of merchandise for BINGO get hold of been explored and matured to a king-size extent. Though the product itself is cons idered to be in a growing stage, with a mart place sh be of 16% in the branded insect bites food category, it has been successful to a large extent in creating the required Brand recall for the category. With the fast growing retail pains in India, competition has increased amid the major commercialise players.Companies be continually trying to engage and construct innovate ideas to service this market. This project aims to battleground about ITC Bingo bits and its competitor Frito-Lays. The project provides entropy about the various procedures followed by ITC with respect to dispersal chain function, and client management and the proportion and interpretation of data collected in regard with the project outcome. The project includes a mix of observation, interview and questionnaires. Initially a period of 45 days was consecrate to fieldwork under the guidance of Area Executive Mr.Sachin Kadam of ITC limited. An effort was made to understand the various servicing pro cedure, the typical areas/localities, and kinds of retailers, classes of clients and the sales and distribution process and the retailers point of view for Bingo and Lays Regular interaction was d superstar with retailers and distributors about the response and flow of product and variants respectively along with the competitor Lays. Through this it makes easy to understand the process of accessing the competitors response in that outlet. week was dedicated to collect information of Frito-Lays regarding their marketing strategy, distribution and sales interlock and other useful information from the keep company officials. This project also includes the various tasks given to me by my AE and then my observation at retail outlets, the routes/areas/localities and the sales and distribution process. I concluded my project with some of my suggestion and recommendations, and the questionnaire that I had utilize to collect the primary data. The square upings and recommendations help in better understanding the shortcomings in the sales and distribution process of Bingo. As observed) Company Profile ITC is nonpareil of Indias foremost private sector companies with a market capitalization of all over US $ 33 billion and a upset of US $ 7 billion. ITC is rated among the Worlds Best Big Companies, Asias Fab 50 and the Worlds some Reputable Companies by Forbes magazine, among Indias Most Respected Companies by argumentation World and among Indias Most Valuable Companies by Business Today. ITC also ranks among Indias top 10 Most Valuable (Company) Brands, in a study conducted by Brand Finance and create by the stinting Times.ITC also ranks among Asias 50 best performing companies compiled by Business Week. ITC has a diversified presence in Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Packaged Foods Confecti whizry, culture applied science, Branded Apparel, Personal Care, Stationery, Safety Matches and other FMCG products. While ITC is an outstanding market leader in its traditional caperes of Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri-Exports, it is rapidly gaining market share take down in its nas cen metre transactiones of Packaged Foods Confectionery, Branded Apparel, Personal Care and Stationery.As one of Indias most valuable and respected corporations, ITC is widely perceived to be dedicatedly nation-oriented. Chairman Y C Deveshwar calls this source of inspiration a commitment beyond the market. In his own words ITC believes that its aspiration to create abide value for the nation provides the motive force to sustain growing share holder value. ITC practices this philosophy by not solo driving each of its businesses towards international rivalrousness but by also consciously contributing to enhancing the competitiveness of the larger value chain of which it is a part.ITCs diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth anchored o n its time-tested core competencies unmatched distribution reach, superior brand-building capabilities, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. Over time, the strategic forays into crude businesses are expected to garner a significant share of these emerging high-growth markets in India. ITCs Agri-Business is one of Indias largest exporters of agricultural products.ITC is one of the countrys biggest foreign exchange earners (US $ 3. 2 billion in the last decade). The Companys e-Choupal initiative is enabling Indian agriculture significantly enhance its competitiveness by empowering Indian farmers through the power of the Internet. This transformational strategy, which has already be muster the subject matter of a case study at Harvard Business School, is expected to progressively create for ITC a huge rural distribution infrastructure, significantly enhancing the Companys marketing reach.ITCs wholly owned Information Technology subsidiary, ITC InfoTech India Ltd, provides IT services and solutions to leadership global customers. ITC InfoTech has mould a niche for itself by addressing customer challenges through innovative IT solutions. ITCs production facilities and hotels pose won numerous national and international awards for persona, productivity, safety and environment management systems. ITC was the arena-class company in India to voluntarily look to a corporate governance rating. ITC employs over 26,000 people at much than 60 locations crosswise India.The Company continuously endeavours to enhance its wealth generating capabilities in a globalising environment to consistently reward more than 4,14,000 shareholders, fulfil the aspirations of its stakeholders and meet societal expectations. This over-arching vision of the company is expressively captured in its corporate positioning statement stomach Value. For the Nation. For the Shareholder. ITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the name of Im perial Tobacco Company of India Limited. ITC had a humble beginning and in the initial days it used to operate from a leased office on Radha Bazar Lane, Kolkata.On its 16th birthday on August 24, 1926, ITC getd the plot of land situated at 37, Chowringhee, (now renamed J. L. Nehru Road) Kolkata. ii years later companies headquarter building Virginia House came on that plot. Progressively the ownership of the company Indianised and the name of the Company were changed to I. T. C. Limited in 1974. In recognition of the Companys multi-business portfolio encompassing a wide clutch of businesses, the full stops in the Companys name were removed effective September 18, 2001 and the Company was rechristened as ITC Limited.ITC is a board-managed professional company, committed to creating enduring value for the shareholder and for the nation. It has a rich organisational culture rooted in its core values of respect for people and belief in empowerment. Its philosophy of all-round(prenom inal) value creation is backed by strong corporate governance policies and systems. ITCs corporate strategies are * Create multiple drivers of growth by growing a portfolio of world class businesses that best matches organisational capability with opportunities in domestic and export markets. Continue to focus on the chosen portfolio of FMCG, Hotels, Paper, Paperboards & Packaging, Agri Business and Information Technology. * bench mark the health of each business comprehensively across the criteria of Market Standing, Profitability and Internal Vitality. * Ensure that each of its businesses is world class and internationally competitive. * Enhance the competitive power of the portfolio through synergies derived by blending the diverse skills and capabilities residing in ITC are various businesses. Create distributed leadership within the organisation by nurturing talented and center top management teams for each of the businesses. * Continuously strengthen and refine corporal Gov ernance processes and systems to catalyse the entrepreneurial energies of management by striking the golden offset between executive freedom and the need for effective control and accountability. I. T. C and its diversified businesses Cigarettes ITC is the market leader in cigarettes in India and has a wide range of popular brands such as Insignia, India Kings, standard, Gold Flake, Silk Cut, navy blue Cut, Scissors, Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol and Flake in its ortfolio. Packaging ITCs Packaging Printing Business is the countrys largest convertor of paperboard into packaging. It was set up in 1925 as a strategic backward integration for ITCs Cigarettes business. It offers a variety of value-added packaging solutions for the food beverage, personal products, cigarette, liquor, cellular phone and IT packaging industries. Hotels ITC entered the hotels business in 1975 with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai, which was rechristened Hotel Chola. Today ITC-Welcomgroup with over 70 hotels is one of the foremost hotel chains in India.Paperboards In 1979, ITC entered the Paperboards business by promoting ITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards. ITCs Paperboards business has a manufacturing capacity of over 360,000 tonnes per year and is a market leader in India across all carton-consuming segments. Greeting, Gifting & Stationery ITCs stationery brands Paper Kraft class fellow are widely distributed brands across India. The Paperkraft designer stationery range consists of notepads multi subject notebooks in hard, soft covers multiple binding formats including spirals, wiros etc.ITCs Greeting & Gifting products include Expressions range of greeting cards and gifting products. Safety Matches ITCs brands of safety matches include iKno, Mangaldeep, VaxLit, Delite and Aim. The Aim is the largest selling brand of Safety Matches in India. ITC also exports premium brands to markets such as Europe, Africa and the USA. Aggarbattis ITC has launched Mangaldeep brand of Aggarbattis with a wide range of fragrances like Rose, Jasmine, Bouquet, Sandalwood, worriedhur, Durbar, Tarangini, Anushri, Ananth and Mogra.Mangaldeep is also cosmos exported to USA, UAE, Bahrain, Nepal, Singapore, Malaysia, Oman and South Africa. Lifestyle Retailing ITC entered the Lifestyle Retailing business with the Wills Sport range of international flavour relaxed put one over for men and women in 2000. The Wills Lifestyle chain of exclusive stores later expanded its range to include Wills Classic formal wear (2002) and Wills Clublife evening wear (2003). In 2002, ITC entered into the popular segment with its mens wear brand, John Players.In 2005, ITC introduced Essenza Di Wills, an exclusive line of prestige fragrance products. Food ITC made its entry into the branded & case Foods business in August 2001 with the launch of the Kitchens of India brand. In 2002 it expanded into Confectionery, Staples and Snack Foods segments. ITCs brand in Food category includes Kitchens of India, Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Mint-O, Candyman, and Bingo Agri Exports ITCs foreign Business portion (IBD) is the countrys second largest exporter of agri-products.ITC exports Feed Ingredients (Soyameal), Food grains (Rice, Wheat, and Pulses), Coffee Spices, Edible Nuts, Marine Products, and Processed Fruits. E-choupal The e-Choupal model of ITC has been really effective in tackling the challenges posed by the unique features of Indian agriculture, characterized by fragmented farms, weak infrastructure and the involvement of numerous intermediaries. Board of Directors Y. C. Deveshwar (Chairman) Executive Director Nakul Anand P. V. DhobaleK. N. Grant Non-Executive Directors A BaijalS.BanarjeeAV Girija Kumar S H KhanS B MathurD K Mehrotra H G PowellP B RamanujamAnthony Ruys Basudeb SenK. VaidyanathB Vijayraghavan Award Winning ITC ITC constantly endeavours to benchmark its products, services and processes to global samples. The Companys pursuit of excellence has earned it national and international honours. ITC is one of the eight Indian companies to figure in Forbes A-List for 2004, featuring 400 of the worlds best big companies. Forbes has also named ITC among Asias Fab 50 and the Worlds Most Reputable Companies.ITC has several firsts to its credit ITC is the first from India and among the first 10 companies in the world to publish its Sustainability Report in compliance (at the highest A+ level) with the latest G3 guidelines of the Netherlands-based Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), a UN-backed, multitask holder international initiative to develop and disseminate globally applicable Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. ITC is the first Indian company and the second in the world to win the reputable Development Gateway Award.It won the $100,000 Award for the year 2005 for its trailblazing ITC e-Choupal initiative which has procured the scale of a movement in rural India. The Development Gateway Award recognizes ITCs e-Choupal as the most cautionary contribu tion in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for outgrowth during the last 10 years. ITC e-Choupal won the Award for the importance of its contribution to development priorities like poverty reduction, its scale and reliability, sustainability and transparency.ITC has won the inaugural World Business Award, the worldwide business award recognizing companies who meet made significant efforts to create sustainable livelihood opportunities and enduring wealth in developing countries. The award has been instituted jointly by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), internationalist Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the HRH Prince of Wales International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF). ITC is the first Corporate to receive the Annual FICCI Outstanding Vision Corporate Triple Impact Award in 2007 for its invaluable contribution capital for the nation.ITC has won the Golden Peacock Awards for Corporate Social Responsibility (Asia) in 2007, the Award for CSR i n Emerging Economies 2005 and Excellence in Corporate Governance in the same year. These Awards have been instituted by the Institute of Directors, New Delhi, in association with the World Council for Corporate Governance and Centre for Corporate Governance. The Companys super acid tack Threshing plants at Chirala and Anaparti in Andhra Pradesh are the first units of their kind in the world to get ISO 14001-environment management systems certification.ITCs cigarette factory in Kolkata is the first such unit in India to get ISO 9000 quality certification and the first among cigarette factories in the world to be awarded the ISO 14001 certification ITC Maurya in New Delhi is the first hotel in India to get the coveted ISO 14001 Environment Management Systems certification. ITC Filtrona is the first cigarette filter company in the world to obtain ISO 14001 ITC InfoTech finds pride of place among a contract group of SEI CMM Level 5 companies in the world.ITCs Green Leaf Threshing pla nt in Chirala is the first in India and among the first 10 units in the world to bag the Social Accountability (SA 8000) certification ITC Chairman Y C Deveshwar has received several honors over the years. Notable among them are Year Award 2007 surface-to-air missile/SPG Sustainability Leadership Award conferred at the International Sustainability Leadership Symposium, Zurich. 2006 Business Person of the Year from UK Trade & Investment, the UK Government organisation that supports overseas businesses in that country. 2006 Inducted into the Hall of Pride by the 93rd Indian Science Congress 2005 Honoured with the Teachers Lifetime Achievement Award 2001 Manager Entrepreneur of the Year from Ernst & Young Retail Visionary of the Year from Images, Indias only appearance and retail trade magazine 1998 Honorary Fellowship from the All India Management Association 1996 Distinguished Alumni Award from IIT, Delhi 1994 Marketing Man of the Year from A&M, the leading marketing magazine 19 86 Meridian Hotelier of the Year Some of the other notable recognitions areThe Stockholm Challenge 2006 for the e-Choupal initiative. This award is for using Information Technology for the economic development of rural communities. The Corporate Social Responsibility Crown Award for Water Practices from UNESCO and Water Digest for its distinguished work carried out in the water sector in India. ITC also received the National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2007 in the beyond the fence category from the CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre for its leadership role in implementing water and watershed management practices.The watershed programme also won the Asian CSR Award 2007 for environmental Excellence given by the Asian Institute of Management. The Award recognizes and honours Asian companies for outstanding, innovative and world-class projects. The Company also received the Ryutaro Hashimoto Incentive lolly 2007 for Environment & Development from the Asia Pacific F orum. This Award aims at promoting information dissemination of honorable practices towards sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region.The Readers Digest Pegasus Award for corporate societal responsibility, recognizing outstanding work done by socially conscious companies. The Corporate Award for Social Responsibility 2008 from The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in recognition of its exemplary initiatives in implementing integrated watershed development programmes across 7 states in India. The company also won the award in 2004 for its e-Choupal initiative. The Award provides impetus to sustainable development and encourages ongoing social responsibility processes within the corporate sector.The Enterprise Business Transformation Award for Asia Pacific (Apac), instituted by Infosys Technologies and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for its celebrated e-Choupal initiative. The Business Today Award for the Best Managed Company in recognition of its outs tanding initiatives in the consumer products segment. The only Indian FMCG company to have featured in the Forbes 2000 list. The Forbes 2000 is a comprehensive ranking of the worlds biggest companies, measured by a composite of sales, profits, assets and market value. The list spans 51 countries and 27 industries.The NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award for being the Best Food Company of 2007. The Award has been instituted to recognize organizational excellence. The CNBC-TV18s International Trade Award 2008 for Outstanding Exporter of the Year in the FMCG & Food category. ITC continues its dominance of The Economic Times Brand Equity listing of Indias 100 Biggest FMCG Brands, with three brands from its stable making it to the top tail fin. Gold Flake remains Indias biggest FMCG brand in terms of sales. Navy Cut ranks at No. 4. ITCs Scissors brand ranks at No 5 and is the only new entrant into the top 10.Restaurant magazine has chosen Bukhara at the ITC Maurya, New Delhi as the bes t Indian restaurant in the world and the best restaurant in Asia. Bukhara has also been adjudged one of the top 50 restaurants in the world by the London based magazine The Good Food Guide. Bukhara is the only South Asian restaurant to figure in the list. The Best fork up Chain Practices Award for time-effective and cost-efficient Logistics Management in Organized Retail to ITCs Lifestyle Retailing Business Division (LRBD) Indian Snack Industry Snacks are a part of Consumer Convenience/ Packaged Foods segment.Snack is described as a small quantity of food eaten between meals or in place of a meal. Snack food generally comprises bakery products, ready-to-eat mixes, chips, namkeen and other light processed foods According to the ministry of food processing, the pungency food industry is worth Rs 100 billion in value and over 4,00,000 tonnes in terms of volume. Though very large and diverse, the bits industry is dominated by the unorganized sector. According to an Apeda survey more or less 1,000 snack items and 300 types of savories are sold across India. The branded snacks are sold at least 25% higher than the unbranded products.Savory snacks have been a part of Indian food habit, since almost ages. Though thither is no particular time for snacks, normally they are consumed at teatime. The variety is almost impressive with specialties from all regions, which have gained national acceptance. The industry has been growing around 10% for the last three years, while the branded segment is growing around 25% per annum to stand at Rs 5,000-Rs 5,500 crore, due to various reasons like Multiplex culture, snacking at home while watching TV, pubs and bars (where they are served free).AC Nielsens retail audit shows that the large sales volumes are due to a marked preference for ethnic foods, regional bias towards indigenous snacks and expert value-for-money perception. Of course the branded segment is some(prenominal) smaller at Rs 2,200 crore, which is what makes it so attractive to food Companies that are looking at bigger shares. In the branded snacks market, to get down to basics, Frito Lay commands a share of 45%, followed by Haldirams at 27% and ITC at 16%. The rest is divided between a handful of new entrants, wannabes and some regional players.Of the wide range of snacks operational, potato chips constitute a sizeable segment of the Indian snack food industry, according to India Infoline. The potato chip market is generally an unorganized industry. Nearly all potato chip snack products are manufactured and sold locally. There is also no uniform standard for packaging, as there is in Europe, the United States and other more developed regions. Many snack foods are sold loose or packaged in poly-pouches, which may only be folded, or in some cases, stapled confiningd.As the Indian economy continues to grow, and production standards improve, many snack food companies are making significant investments into plant equipment and packaging ma chinery. white potato vine-based snacks, and in particular potato chips, are the largest product segment, holding an 85%-share of the salty snack market Pepsi Foods Ltd. , now known as Frito-Lay India Ltd. , produces Indias largest snack food manufacturers brands, including Ruffles, Hostess, Cheetos and Uncle Chips. Frito Lays story is an example of how American recipes were adjusted to satisfy local predilections.Procter & Gambles Pringles brand of potato crisp was launched in Delhi in 1999. Pringles is also a baked potato crisp, unlike many other potato based Indian snack foods that are fried. P&G currently imports the Pringles product and thence the product has been priced at a premium and is marketed to a micro-niche. overly to be kept in mind, organized sector is growing at 15 -20 per cent a year, and unorganized sector is growing at 7-8 per cent. Project Objectives 1. Find and know boththing on Bingo 2. Find out about the competitor Lays . To find out the key points of di fference in the process of Distribution & selling, and of Bingo and Lays. 4. To understand the workings of DS (Distributor Salesman) 5. To understand the workings of Supervisor 6. To mold and achieve visibility, availability and quality distribution across the identified target outlet. 7. To know and evaluate the response of retailer about the product. 8. To understand the details of Order reserve and pass water stocking. 9. To find out the key points where Lays has the edge over Bingo 10.To identify the areas, methods, ideas that can help in increasing Bingos sales. Research Methodology It includes the response of Bingo Snacks from retailers at retail outlets with respect to its competitors. It also includes the responses of competitor Frito-Lays from various sources. Work at retail outlets 1) To check the availability of products. 2) To check visibility of products. 3) SWOT analysis of products. 4) To check how old the product is. 5) To trace the complaints regarding the produc t. 6) Identifying what would the factor to increase sale.Data collection technique 1) Interview with retailers, customers, distributors, and company officials of ITC. 2) Interview with distributors and company officials of Frito-Lays 3) Primary data via 1) Questionnaire, 2) Observation, 3) Interview 4) Secondary data from, 1) Newspaper, 2) Internet Sampling Plan Sample size100 Retailers Sample SegmentationOn the basis Location, & Type of Outlet. Sampling AreaAndheri(includes Andheri eastbound and West, Jogeshweri East & West, Juhu, Irla, J.P. Road, Lalubhai, A. K. Road, Sahar Road,Sher e Punjab, Mahakali, Chakala, Takshila, Lokhandwala, Shastri Nagar, Veera Desai Road, Bhawani Nagar, Marol Military Road, Vile Parle East & West) BINGO No Confusion Great Combination About Bingo The Bingo brand of chips was launched by ITC on 14th March 2007 with an aim to capture at least 25 percent market share of the Rs 2000 crore branded snack market within five yrs.The launch is symbolic of IT C Foods distinct approach of introducing innovative and differentiated products in a largely undifferentiated market place. Bingos launch was strategically timed around the World Cup. The idea was to get the consumer to take that first bite. This was an extremely ambitious target according to observers as the market was dominated by the Frito Lay group (owned by Pepsi Co) with a slew of brands like Lays, Kurkure and Uncle Chipps holding 50 per cent of the market share. The other was the Haldiram group with 25 percent of the market share.Bingos portfolio includes an array of products in both Potato Chips & Finger Snacks segment. Bingo is positioned as a youthful and innovative snack, offering the consumers a choice of flavours that are fast becoming popular. Bingo used combination of leveraging synergies, building on consumer insights and high decibel advertising can win the game. The company leveraged its breathing distribution network and relationship established with farmers. Its earlier foray into categories like atta and biscuits had already given it access to the supply chain.ITC Foods salted snack brand Bingo continues to tickle consumer taste buds with new variants. The latest to hit the shelves is Tangles, the foursometh in its portfolio, after Bingo potato chips, Bingo Tedhe Medhe and Bingo activated Angles. The product, which took two years to develop, will be launched in select markets in north and south India, before being scaled up nationally. The market for horse opera format of snacking is fairly nascent in India, and the addition of variants, the company hopes, will help create new pegs of loyalty. In snack food, consumers are evermore looking for change, and as a brand we strive to provide this through a unique mix of taste, bite and shapes, says Chittaranjan Dar, CEO, ITC Foods. To begin with, Tangles will be available in a unique pillow pack shape, in two flavours, Masala and Tomato. Subsequently, Tangles will be extended to regional fl avours. Bingo, which is estimated to be worth Rs 650-700 crore, is expected to rise even this year, say analysts. Since its launch in 2007, the brand has given stiff competition to market leader Pepsi.While Pepsi brands Lays and Kurkure lead by a huge margin, their shares have taken a hit in recent months. According to Nielsen 2010 data, Lays potato wafers reported a drop in share from 48 to 45 per cent, and Kurkure witnessed a 3 per cent decline in market share between January-December 2009 to January-December 2010. On the other hand, Bingos potato chips have notched a 1 per cent increase in share, whereas its sub-brands in the bridge category like Tedhe Medhe and distressed Angles have seen a small rise in market share.Other players in the snack food arena are mostly Indian players such as Parle Products, Haldiram and Balaji Namkin, besides a host of local and regional brands. The launch of Tangles is in line with the companys strategy to focus on the bridge segment. Dar explain s, Today, potato chips represent almost 70 per cent of snack food consumption, with the bridge category still small. In the next few years, we expect the numbers to reverse. Thats because Indians are used to snacking alternatives as each region in India has its own snack options. With Tangles, ITC will adopt a similar route to communication and distribution as it did for the other Bingo variants. The new boob tube commercial for Tangles, slated to be on air in a month, will continue to flog the youth plank. On the distribution front, the company will invest in sampling and providing innovative stuffs to trade. Dar admits that unlike biscuits, sales of chips in rural areas is still a very small part of the market. Bingo currently reaches 5. 5 lakh outlets and it aims to increase it by 2 lakh every year. So is a health variant on Dars wishlist?He is not contrivance to the opportunity, but notes in a category like snacks, where consumption happens in small quantities, the health pro position needs to be weaved in with taste. Variants/Flavours Bingo Potato Chips Potato Chips Variants Product Description Premium Salted Salted crunchy potato chips International scan N Onion Unique combination of cheese, cream and flinch onion on potato Chips Red Chilli Bijli Potato chips spiced up with red-hot chillies Spicy Masala Remix A mix of spicy masalas on potato chips. down(p) Tomato Ketchup Succulent, ripe tomatoes on crisp and crunchy potato chips Pickle Tickle Tongue-tickling combination of achaari lemons and potato chips Fiery Red Tomato Potato Chips smeared with run dry red chillies and juicy red tomatoes Oye Pudina Combination of crunchy potato chips and sprinkling of seraphic Pudina leaves Bingo Mad Angles har angles se MmmmOne of the biggest successes from the Bingo portfolio, Bingo Mad Angles has carved a niche for itself in the consumers mind and is synonymous with the perfect triangular snack.A combination of innovative flavours on a tr aditional khakra base, Mad Angles is a snack that is true to taste and perfect flavour delivery as well as shape, making it a snack thats trulyhar angles se MmmmWhats new? Bingo brings you the chaat flavour that you can savour without having to stop by thegali ka chaatwala. Let your fingers dive in to the perfect combination of the taste of fresh pudina, tangy tamarind, creamy yogurt and of course, the crunchiness of khakra triangles. Available in packs of Rs. 5, Rs. 10 and Rs. 20, the new BingoMad Angles Masti Chaat now adds to the excitement of Mad Angles range from Bingo Bingo Mad Angles Mad Angles Variants Product Description Mad Angles Tomato Mischief A combination of khakra-like crunchy triangles with tangy tomato flavour Mad Angles Chilli Dhamaka Crunchy triangles with a taste of chillies Mad Angles Achaari Masti Mouth-watering combination of Mad Angles and sweet-sour mango pickle Mad Angles Masti Chaat A chaat flavor that you can savour without having to stop by th e galli kachaatwaala.The perfect combination of fresh pudina, tangy tamarind, creamy yogurt and of course, the perfection ofkhakratriangles. Bingo TanglesThe latest addition to the Bingo portfolio is Bingo Tangles in masala and tomato flavours. Each piece of this innovative crunchy snack is made out of strands loaded with lip smacking masala or tantalizing tomato flavours. Once bitten, they break into many more delicious strands in the mouth. Be A Little Dillogical About Lays Brand HistoryLays, the worlds largest and favourite snack food brand, has steadily established itself as an all-important(a) part of Indias snacking culture since its launch in 1995. With its irresistible taste, international and Indian flavours and youth-centric imagery, Lays has established itself as a youth brand and continues to grow in the hearts and mind of its consumers. Over the years, Lays has become known for its engaging and innovative promotions and campaigns. The brand known for its No one ca n eat just one campaign has moved its positioning to Whats the programme? making Lays the main food of every programme Frito-Lay India Ltd. produces Indias largest snack food manufacturers brands, including Ruffles, Hostess, Cheetos and Uncle Chips. Frito Lays story is an example of how American recipes were adjusted to satisfy local tastes. Saif Ali Khan has been the face of the brand for over five years, and has recently been joined by the captain of the Indian cricket team M. S. Dhoni. Both embody the youthful energy and appeal of the brand.In 2008, Lays launched the never-before Fight for Your Flavour allowing consumers to vote for the flavour of their choice. The flavour with the maximum votes would continue in the market. The flavours have been selected by the Lays brand ambassadors Saif Ali Khan and M. S. Dhoni with each celebrity rooting for the flavour of their choice. In November 2008, Lays made yet another innovative breakthrough the Chip-n-Sauce pack. This first-to-marke t pack has been launched for cricket lovers as they descend in their seats to savour the best sporting action of the season.The Lays Chip-n-Sauce large pack comes in two unique flavours Chilli Chinese with a Schezwan Sauce sachet and Chatpata Indian with a Tamarind Sauce sachet inside the pack. In June 2009, Lays launched its new positioning platform Lays Be a Little Dillogical. The new Dillogical concept makes an instant connect with youth caught between the desire to succeed and the desire to remain engaged with original moments that offer a deep emotional fulfilment. This friction is like a game between the heart and the head, a struggle between what you want to do and what you have to do.Its all about making things that matter to the heart, happen. The new platform has been launched with a series of ads built around the universal consumer struggle between what the mind asks one to do and what the heart desires. A powerful 360 degree approach supports the new TVC, and has ind eed prompted consumers to be a little Dillogical. WINNING mollify Lays, the world and Indias No 1 potato chips brand from Frito-Lay India, is all set to provide some new lip smacking tastes to its consumers. The four short listed flavors from a whopping 1. million ideas came from four winning consumers, each of whom gets Rs 5 lakh for their dillogical flavor ideas. Cheesy Mexicana, Tangy Twist, Mastana Mango and Hip skitter Honey & Chilly from a three-month long Give Us Your Delicious Flavor (GUYDF) campaign. The four flavors will be sold in the market across India for the next two months with the theme bachega sirf tastiest (survival of the tastiest). The flavor that elicits the maximum consumer votes will not only continue to stay in the market as the mega winner, but its ideator would be awarded a grand prize of Rs 50 lakh and 1% of sales revenue.KurKure Brand History Launched in 1999, this perfect namkeen snack, developed entirely in India, has come to be identified with fun a nd lovable human quirks. It developed an even stronger identity through associations with celebrities like Juhi Chawla (2003) and Kareena Kapoor (2008), well-known Indian actors. Brand Promise Kurkure is a crunchy new-age namkeen snack brand which symbolizes light-hearted fun. Embodying the spirit of India, Kurkure has found a home in millions of hearts and minds and enjoys the position of a strong Lovemark brand in India.Juhis vivacious and fun-loving personality complements and embodies the essence of Kurkure. Over the years, Kurkure has journeyed effortlessly from being a snack with a twist to becoming an integral part of Indias teatime circuit card and an embodiment of endearing human imperfections or tedhapan. Innovations Kurkure has constantly re-invented itself to sustain its relevance to Indian culture and the Indian ethos. Not only does Kurkure provide an inimitable taste and superior quality, it has also brought fame and happiness to many through its Chai-time-achievers face on pack initiative.Kurkure Desi Beats Kurkure Desi Beats is an exciting new range of crunchy triangular snacks in irresistible Indian flavours. This newly launched youth-oriented sub-brand personifies our inherent Desi spirit and gives one the license to be Desi. Desi Beats celebrates the contemporary Indian youth who straddles both tradition and modernity and is confident of his Indian identity. VARIANTS OF FRITO LAYS CHIPS Kurkure Uncle chips Aliva 1. Spanish tangy tomato 1. Masala munch 1. Spicy treat 1. Special 2. American cream and onion 2. Chili chatka 2. Chatpata Masala 2.Special tomato 3. Classic salted 3. Funjabi(rajma) Others 3. Special salted 4. Magic Masala 4. Rajhasthani Desi beats 4. Special mint Winning flavours 5. Hyderabadi New 5. Hip hop honey 6. Solid masti twist 5. Cream & herb 6. Cheesy Mexicana 7. Solid masti khatta-mittha 6. Pizza Blast 7. Tangy twist 8. Dewana tomato desi beat 7. Sweet Chilly 8. Mastana mango 9. Flirty lime 8. Apple delight 10. Naughty tomato 9. Milk Minis Sugar Vanilla Competition among the variants of Bingo and Lays Chips 1. Spicy Masala remix Chilly Mexicana . International cream onion American cream and onion 3. Juicy tomato ketchup Spanish tangy tomato 4. Red chili bingo Magic Masala 5. Premium salted Classic salted bridge over 6. Mad angle tomato Kurkure Dewana tomato 7. Mad angle chilli Kurkure chili chatka 8. Mad angle achari Kurkure Rajhasthani 9. Hatke-Jhatke Funky Kurkure Funjabi 10. Hatke-Jhatke Tomato Kurkure Naughty Tomato 11. Tedhe-Medhe Kurkure Masala bray Market Pattern (India) S. W. O. T Analysis of Bingo Strengths 1. Excellent branding and advertising on TVCs and marker ads 2.Great variety of flavours gives customers options 3. Reasonable pricing ensures spontaneous purchase 4. Strong backing of ITC Limited brand name Weakness 1. A slight gap in pauperization and supply on bingo 2. lacking(p) in infrastructure as compared to Lays 3. Shallow penetration 4. Not well trained and i nexperienced salesman Opportunity 1. Leverage successful brand ITC, especially Atta and biscuits 2. fight more to attract target group 3. Buy out smaller competition and tie-ups with resort, food chains curse 1. nemesis from local substitute snacks 2.Balajis strategy winner in terms of quantity Observation at W. D. Point a. The WD point is very well connected to all the nearby areas/neighbourhood/potential b. ITC use software that is called SIFY to prepare bills and detail information product wise, variant wise, summarize sales reports are make in the help of this software. data formatting of sales report code of the goods are in this. c. ITC gives 3. 5% margin to his distributors and d. ITC bears vehicle cost. e. CALCULATION OF PRICE TO RETALIER (PTR) = f. MAXIMUM RETAIL PRICE ( MRP) 100 + % valuation account g. Basic terms LC Line cutBC Bill Cut UBO Unique Bill Outlet ABV add up bill value CFC Collaret Fibre Container ABC Average Bill Cut ALC Average Line Cut TDP Temporary D ispatch Time h. The salesman here lack the competent skills and they are not so intentional about the product and the variants i. They lack persuasion and convincing technique j. Majority are inexperienced because they are new k. It has been observed that a lot of time is wasted in loading the stock in the vehicles and getting the stocks billed l. Salesman turnover ratio is high. Findings I. Works assigned wereTo check the availability, visibility and DND (if any) of Bingo at retail outlet. While doing this, I understood about distribution and stocking process at WD (Wholesale Distributor) point which are as follows A) Ordering Booking Process B) Ready Stock Process. From the above mentioned works assigned and the objectives given, the Retailer point of view was clear II. To collect information of Frito-Lays and analyze the data thereafter. For that I have interviewed Frito-Lays distributors and company official i. e. Chetna Traders III. In ensnare to overcome weakness, my recommen dations and contributions.In the duration of my project I used to visit the market daily, in the initial 7 days as a DS (distributor salesmen) and from the 8th day onwards as a supervisor with DS and analyze the market of ITC Bingo and Frito-Lays. While checking availability and visibility of Bingo snacks at Retail Outlets I came across following observations 1) ITC has a good mix of traditional and modern type of distribution channel. 2) The response of customer towards Bingo is positive. 3) At major outlets the sale is good. 4) At big retailers there is a huge pray 5) Like Bingo there is only one Distributor for Lays in Andheri Chetna Traders ) Small Kirana shops and retailer get confused among the variants of Bingo 7) All the shops where Lays and Bingo are not present, Balaji has dominated. 8) Shopkeepers ask for more credit even if they have and are already on credit 9) The total coverage of ITC Bingo snacks falls very short in comparison to Frito-Lays. 10) The problem is the lack of coverage and infrastructure 11) Lack of competent advertisement. 12) Bingo Lacking the Infrastructure 13) Balaji is also a cut throat competitor 14) Lays have fixed PTRs 15) Balaji who who hardly spends on rack and nets also has PTRs and schemes 6) Parts of Jogeshwari, IRLA, lalubhai, Marol Military road are dominated by Balaji and then Lays 17) Unlike Lays and Balaji, Bingo faces a gap in want and supply. 18) All the variants are never available at the W. D. point Analysis & Interpretation Demand of Bingo Interpretation 1. The demand for Bingo is good and increasing because Bingo Is positioned as a youthful and innovative snack, offering the consumers with choice in terms of both formats and flavors including Local tastes. 2. Also because the name is catchy, easy to pronounce, recallable, trendy. 3. Bingo identifies itself as a brand which is youthful, fun and colorfulCriteria kept in mind when Retailers sell Bingo Interpretation 1. After having a face to face communicati on with the retailers it was observed that the major influence they see in the buying pattern of the consumers is that the consumers go for quality first then the size. 2. as well the criteria that the retailers keep in mind is at first the quality then the size but also the margin, because there a lot stiffness among the competitors and their schemes and offers. 3. In low income areas/slum areas retailers prefer to go for Balaji to any other because the consumers there go for the size/ quantity 4.The big and organized retailer go for the quality and Margin 5. Giving competition to Lays Interpretation 1. Lays has revamped its branding strategy with new promotions featuring actress like Juhi Chawla, Kareena Kapoor etc. 2. About 35 AC BEST buses in Mumbai and electron tube in Kolkata are now branded by Kurkure 3. But Bingo has managed to do a dent in Lays market share. Is the fact that ITC spend close to 3 years researching, finding and analyzing the Finger snack segment to come up with its own indigenous variety responsible for Bingos success. Problems faced to sell ITC BingoInterpretation 1. Brand Loyalty of Lays customer is posing threat to Bingo 2. Stagnant Market Share 3. Unawareness of the variety of flavours introduced by Bingo 4. Threats of local players like Balaji, Haldiram and rhombus Effect on sales by improving infrastructure Interpretation 1. ITC was the first one to introduce racks which has helped them to achieve a considerable increase in terms of sales and visibility and availability. 2. Lays has heavier promotional activities, better infrastructure as it has change racks which gives the advantage of keeping more stock 3.It is noted that Lays keeps on take in new packet ranges which Bingo does not. For e. g. the Rs 15 packets, Rs 30 packet and combo offer of 4 packets of Rs 20 each for Rs 60 4. Lays has more racks than Bingo Convincing the customer to purchase Bingo Interpretation 1. The convincing is not required because Bingo has mainta ined the quality throughout since its launch 2. It is in good competition with Lays 3. Consumers can easily recall the brand and the product Rating Bingo and Lays Interpretation 1. It can be seen from the data that at some stages Bingo is at par with the market leader Lays 2.Lays has a better and deeper penetration. 3. Lays has more salesman as compared to Bingos 4. Consumers point of view Lays has many and clearly distinguished flavours Rack availability of Bingo as compared to Lays Comparing Bingo To Lays 1. It is difficult to make out the flavour from seeing the food color of the packing which is not the case with Lays 2. Lays penetration is deep, and they have done it by reducing the demand supply gap and arranging better visibility by providing racks more than competitors. 3. Lays also gets the upper hand because it keeps on coming with new schemes, for e. g. hey give 4 Rs20 packet for Rs 60, we have no such schemes 4. Lays even has modified racks, customized to hold/contain more packets, this is some good strategy keeping in mind that it was ITC who had come up with the rack system. 5. Lays has a higher demand as compared to Bingo because of its promotion, they have characters in their advertisement which public/consumers can recollect even at a later stage e. g. Saif Ali Khan, M. S Dhoni whereas in Bingo we do not have such concept. Although it is noticeable but after having a considerable interaction with the retailer this is the most common topic they had put up. 6.The major difference between Lays and Bingo is that Lays as a brand has related itself to cricket. Relating to cricket is the promotion strategy in which the brand relates itself to the events and experience, and in Mumbai or in Maharashtra or in whole of India cricket mean mass, this way Lays already has a strong grip than Bingo. 7. Lays have a better, stronger and an efficient distribution system, talking in terms of availability of product then Lays is endlessly available where Bingo falls short here as the stock is sometimes available and sometimes not causing inconsistency in the availability of the product. 8.Though it can be stated that because Lays has been in the market for a much longer period than Bingo so it has the brand advantage but Bingo still lags way behind in the a competent distribution process 9. Lays has 30% more rack installed than Bingo, making it the prime reason for the retailer to buy the product Porters 5 forces Model Threat of new entry * As the market is growing at 30 percent annually, new entrants may consider it a profitable venture * As branded players are priced similarly, new players might penetrate by adopting a lower price or by offering more quantity at the same price (Balaji-strategy) New players with a distinct USP and marketing strategy may find it easier to enter the market (Bingo Strategy) * Unorganized players still account for one-half of the total wafer segment, thereby discouraging market entry * Veteran players such as Fritolay, Haldiram etc enjoy economies of scale, well-established distribution and good distributor relations. Competitive Rivalry * tall Competition Branded Players involved in cut-throat competition to increase market share, entice new consumers, find new markets * Low spirit differences among branded players. Quality difference between branded and unbranded offerings is offset by low price offered by unbranded players * Cost of switching is low as all players have a similar pricing strategy * Brand Loyalty is high for branded players Bargaining power of suppliers * Suppliers provide raw materials such as potatoes, spices and other ingredients. * Their ability to raise input costs is high. * Higher cost of input commodities leads to lower margins, making the market unattractive for distributors and retailers (in an already low-margin, high-volume market) Shortage of any input material may also affect production and thereby impact distribution. * Veteran players like Fritolay and ITC already have a well- established network of suppliers. ITCs e-choupal venture permits a steady supply of raw materials at the lowest price. Bargaining power of Buyers * Frito-Lay enjoys a healthy lead with a 45 percent market share for its portfolio of products * Competitor differentiation is in terms of variants and communication. * Ability to substitute is high as brands are priced similarly and distribution problems for one brand promote sales for the other. Price Sensitivity is high. An increase in the price of Lays may promote a switch to Bingo for most buyers (except for loyalists) * Threat of substitutes * Indian Snack Segment is high-volume, low-involvement driven (thrives on impulse buy) * All snacks are considered to be substitutes of each other * Biscuits, Wafers and local snacks like Chakli, banana chips, Farsan etc are all substitutes of one another Recommendations/Suggestions 1. For distribution different vehicles should be used which has opening from 3 sides because a lot of time is wasted in the discharge the particular order 2.The market report should be prepared more thoroughly 3. The routes should be predefined and the salesman should not mix up the routes 4. Some routes are very small to be covered for order booking for Bingo like IRLA Market so it can be combined with Lalubhai market 5. There should be less variations in giving different schemes to multiple shopkeepers as they eventually come to know about the schemes given to other shopkeepers and then they raise their demand to either reduce net rates or give additional schemes 6.Bingo can come up with different shapes of packaging in small areas where there is more sale of Rs 5 packet e. g. triangular packs, as they do not need racks to be put in because different packaging always attracts consumers. 7. Should increase the size of Rs 5 packets, because this is the main reason for less sale of Bingo, on the other hand Balaji is also tough competitor in terms of quantity 8. Comp any can opt for seasonal promotions because the sales in the month of May-June are very low because the schools are closed. 9.Gift packs or combos with 4-5 flavours can be introduced in this period only 10. Posters on buses and trains can be done for e. g. the way Fanta has utilized the opportunity on local trains of Mumbai 11. Brand ambassadors should be introduced because Bingo has almost completed 5 years in the market, brand ambassadors because people can then relate to the brand and or the product 12. Also because Lays our prime competitor has quite some good brand ambassadors like Saif Ali Khan, M. S. Dhoni 13. Relating Bingo to current burning topics, the same way AMUL does in print ads. 4. Having too many flavours is causing some problem because the customers and even the retailer are not able to differentiate between different variants. 15. Even though its a good strategy as people are forced to try each flavour, the ones which are not going good in the market should be rem oved from the companys portfolio. 16. This would reduce the problem of confusion amongst the consumers. Conclusion From the survey of the retailers and the market comparison following conclusions can be drawn 1. Bingos sale has noticably increased by providing good infrastructure . Retailers put Bingo next to Lays which is a market leader 3. much(prenominal) an brand image has to created which creates a lasting image, which can be done by introducing a couple of brand ambassadors 4. Lays still has the upper hand because it has been in the market for a longer time as compared to Bingo 5. Improving the distribution level to meet up the competition given by lays is the only way to cover up the demand suppy gap 6. Though Bingo is of good quality as noticed but it is yet to meet International Standards to give more stiff competition to Lays 7.In small localities Balaji is preferrred 8. A lot of time is wasted during the unloading of the order/stock during the ready stock. It is not thec ase with Lays because the order for Lays are in bulk and as per the CFC boxes. Annexure QUESTIONNAIRE (RETAIL OUTLET) Outlet Name Outlet Type Route 1. How is the demand of Bingo? a) Very good ___b) good ___c) average ___ d) below average __ 2. Stock availability of various brands a) Lays ____ b) Bingo ____ c) Haldiram ____ d) Balaji_____ e) Parle______ 3. What criteria you keep in mind when you sell your product? ) management on Quality_____ b) Focus on Price____ c) Focus on Size___ d)Focus on Margin____ 4. How far do you think ITC Bingo has captured market over Lays? a) On a Small Scale_____b) On a Large Scale________ 5. What problem you face to sale ITC Bingo? a) Size____ b) Brand Loyalty for other Brand_____ c) Lack of Awareness_____ d) Any Other 6. Has the sale increased by improving the infrastructure by Bingo? a) Highly Increased____ b) Increased____ c) Somewhat Increased__ d) Not at all increased 7. Do you have to convince customer to purchase Bingo? ) Yes ___ b) No ___ 8 . Please assign a value from 1-5 to BINGO & LAYS a) For Excellent5 b) For Very Good4 c) For Good3 d) For Average2 e) For Bad1 9. Do you have a rack of Lays? a) Yes____b) No_____ 10. Do you have a rack of Bingo? a) Yes____b) No_____ References 1. http//www. itcportal. com 2. http//www. nowthatsnifty. com/2012/01/204-lays-potato-chip-flavors-from. html. T9zOwCEggUg 3. http//www. the-top-tens. com/lists/best-flavour-lays-india. asp 4. http//pepsicoindia. co. in/media/fact-sheet. html

Pakistan China Relation Development

MARIAM ABBAS 15-10079 The Major Developments in Pakistans Relations with chinaware Almost sixty long time have lapsed since Pakistan and chinaware established diplomatic relationship. The relationship mingled with the both countries are time tested, an unbridled relationship which continues to grow and strengthen with handing everyplace of time. The area in which the two nations reside has undergone numerous Geo-strategic changes namely Sino-Indo relations, the collapse of Soviet Union, 9/11 with Pakistan becoming front line state in the war against terror and so on.In context to any these developments, China and Pakistan find themselves on the same page , each strongly supporting each former(a) at every forum thus exhibiting exemplary and unique brotherly relationship. The intensity of the relationship can be gauged by the frequency of the visits by the two heads of the state which continue unabated. President Zardari stated on his second visit to China in February 2009, wit hin a year of taking over the presidency, perhaps no relationship between two sovereign states is as unique and durable as that between Pakistan and China.On the Pakistan side of the Himalayas, the mighty range that separates the two countries, China is seen as a true, time tested and reliable friend that has always come through for Pakistan. That the Pakistan-China friendship is higher than the peaks of Himalayas is now a truism without exaggeration. I am certain that on the Chinese side a similar sentiment exists for Pakistan. It is a friendship grow in the hearts and minds of the people of the two countries. 1 An insight into the significance of developments of relationships between the two nations are outlined below In 2005, China and Pakistan signed a land mark accord of Friendship and Co-operation, whereby they committed that neither party will join any alliance or bloc which infringes upon the sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of either nation, musical compo sition simultaneously positing that both parties would not conclude Treaties of this nature with any 3rd party. 2 The above agreement is manifest of the deep rooted friendship between the two states.The security and territorial integrity of any nation is the most vital element for existence for any nation. Pakistan China relationship were based on these foundations. Having build a solid foundation of friendship, China provided physical, technical and financial support to Pakistan on a number of vital projects bringing huge sparing benefit. The infrastructure projects of Karakoram highway and Gwadar Port are a few evidential developments. The construction of Gwader Port will bring immense sparing activity in the area.It will likewise afford a strategic entrance to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean thus gaining a considerable influence in the region. The Peoples Republic of China enjoys strong defence ties with Pakistan. China fully supported Pakistan in its 1965 war against In dia. Chinas source of array equipment to Pakistan has steadily increased over the years. eer since the dependence on American military equipment has become unreliable and prone to undeclared conditions, the induction of Chinese hardware has increased. China has helped to establish ammunition factories, provided expert assistance in modernizing existing facilities.Joint ventures such as development of JF-17 Thunder fighter air craft, AWACS system, Al-Khalid tanks, Babur cruise missiles are symbol of deep rooted military co-operation. China has also a vital strategic interest in developing relationship with Pakistan. Ever since the China India skirmish in the sixties over border dispute which resulted in India building up its forces along the disputed border leading to Chinese military intervention, China has opted for strong confederacy with Pakistan to watch over any hemoginistic designs of India in the region.This analogy can best be summed up by Lisa Curtis in an article tit led Extent of Pakistan China Relationship as under Pakistan and China have long-standing strategic ties, dating back five decades. China maintains a robust defence relationship with Pakistan and views a strong partnership with Pakistan as a useful way to contain Indian power in the region and divert Indian military force and strategic assistance away from China.The China-Pakistan partnership serves both Chinese and Pakistani interests by presenting India with a potential two-front theater in the event of war with either country. Chinese officials also view a certain degree of India-Pakistan tension as advancing their own strategic interests, as such friction bogs India down in mho Asia and interferes with New Delhis ability to assert its global ambitions and compete with China at the international level. 3 China is fast emerging as the biggest economic super power.Economic stack between China and Pakistan is rapidly increasing at a fast pace. Chinese products have flooded the Pak istani market. Current trade between both countries is at $ 9 billion, making China the second largest trade partner of Pakistan. 4 China has also played a significant role in the development of nuclear power plants for peaceful purposes. The material and technical support provided by China in the completion of Chasma Nuclear superpower Complex is a manifest of the deep rooted relationship.This has been despite the fact of increasingly stringent export controls in western countries and opposition by major(ip) super powers thus it is true to state that Pak-China relationship is Time tested and All weather. In Chinese, Pakistan found a best and most reliable friend. China always helped Pakistan economically and militarily when there was no hope for external help. On the diplomatic front, Pakistan always find China firmly standing tramp its back.As a reciprocal, Pakistan was not only the first country to recognize China but it always supported Chinas claim to the Chinese seat in t he get together Nations. Pak-China friendship is an all weather and time tested relationship based on mutual trust and respect. Both the countries enjoy convergence of views on all bilateral regional and international issues. To conclude it can be said without any doubt that Pak-China relationship is exemplary, which continues to grow and is envy for others. It is a friendship which is rooted in the hearts and mind of the peoples.

Johnson and Johnson Analysis Essay

Executive SummaryThis report was carried out in order to show the scenario planning of Johnson and Johnson .The report provides information some(prenominal) the history of the company, countries of operations and the sectors of operations .The company gross sales throw away seen signifi jackpott growth in recent years and US have the highest percentage of sales of about 44% .The report as well draws circumspection to the PESTEL framework of the pharmaceutic industry showing how Political ,Economical, soci qualified ,Technological, Environmental ,and Legal factors affects companies operating in this industry .Johnson and Johnson have contributed to the environment and also champions in improving living in the society through providing of valuable drugs to cure some(prenominal) diseases and having good foster social responsibility. The ram Analysis of Johnson and Johnson shows that the company is one of the top players in the industry and has a bevy of potential for furthe r growth due to financial strength and experiences.The company sales has amplificationd worldwide al small-scaleing for its expansion in to a greater extent countries and they carry out further research and development on bleak harvest-homes. Johnson and Johnson research and development is helping to identify new opportunities which in turns help in complimenting company strength .Several ranges of opportunities be available for the company and the breakthrough in technology and innovations has allowed for new products and services to be available for consumers. Further investigations shows the Porter five forces where threat of new entrant for the pharmaceutic industry is low and posses low threat to Johnson and Johnson as the company is already established and have a good number of customers around the world .The bargaining powers of buyers and suppliers , rivalry among competitors and threats of substitute are also discussed . The company is recognized as the 6th largest in the world for consumer health and the world largest providers of diverse medical diagnostic devices, It is recommended that Johnson and Johnson reach out to to a greater extent people around the world and focus on the rural areas to be able to help solve more deadly diseases in the world so improving their cooperate social responsibilities.Table of Contents1.0 IntroductionJohnson and Johnson founded in 1886 is a United States multinational company which specializes in medical devices and diagnostics, Pharmaceuticals and consumer products. The companies headquartered in freshly Brunswick, untried Jersey have around 250 subsidiaries companies and operations in over 59 countries.Johnson and Johnson balance their short time and long time goals in their strategic planning by foc using on the important sector and fundamentals of the pharmaceutical agate line. They invest heavily in research and development and unveils new caper opportunities .The company also focus on environment , employees wellbeing and safety precautions to reckon they conduct trade line in an ethical manner. The company is implyd in the Fortune 500 companies and they help in improving quality of life in the world by researching on health vexation products which will help cure some(prenominal) dangerous diseases in the world. Their researchers are also committed with working with m another(prenominal)s to ensure they provide product that best meet the healthcare take of mothers. The report include information about the history of Johnson and Johnson ,the PESTEL analysis of the pharmaceutical sector ,the SWOT analysis of the Johnson and Johnson and the Porter five forces which affects the level of competition in the pharmaceutical industry . A conclusion and recommendation was also provided in the report.2.0 Background of Johnson and JohnsonThe history of Johnson and Johnson dates back to 1886 which was founded by three brothers on the idea of using sterile suture alongside bandages t o treat wounds. Since its inception it has grown to be one the most comprehensive manufacturer of health care products and also a well-established provider for the pharmaceutical market. The company is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey with around 250 subsidiaries companies and operations in over 59 countries and over 120,000 employees, the company products are sold in over 165 countries. Barron magazine in 2008 ranked Johnson and Johnson the world most respected company and in 2011 theyrecorded worldwide sales of $65 cardinal. (Johnson & Johnson 2012) Johnson and Johnson business are in three particles which are Pharmaceuticals, Medical devices and Diagnostics, and Consumer products. The current chairman of the company is Alex Gorsky he took over from William Weldon in 2012.Pharmaceutical piece trains several medicines which helps cure most of the world most dangerous and widespread diseases products under this category include anti-infective, dermatology, neurology , pain management anti-psychotic and several other products ,the products are usually distributed directly to retailers ,and hospitals and health care professionals for prescription to patients. Johnson and Johnson is committed to help people have healthier lives and live longer by lend to research of deadly diseases and finding possible cure for them ,Johnson and Johnson invested about $5.1 billion in 2011 for pharmaceutical research and development of new medicines. In 2013 the pharmaceutical section contributed about 39% to the company annual revenue. The company consumer health discussion section include products like baby care ,skin care, oral care women health care ,wound care as well as wellness and nutritional products . The products are readily available across several distributors stores, pharmacy and retails outlet. In 2013 the consumer health segment contributed 21% to the company entirety revenue.While the Medical devices segment produces varieties of innovative produc ts which are primarily used by health care professionals in several fields which include diagnostics ,vision care ,surgery ,diabetes treatment ,sports medicine and other products . The products are distributed to wholesalers, retailers, pharmacy, and hospitals. In 2013 the Medical devices and Diagnostics contributed 40% to the company total revenue. Johnson and Johnson sales have seen significant increase in recent years with sales of 29.5 billion in 2010 and 31 billion to international market making total sales of 61 billion. In 2011 sales of 28 billion to United States and 36 billion to international market making a total of 65 billion for the year and sales of 29, billion to US in 2012 and 37 billion to international market making total sales of 67 billion in 2012. This shows Johnson and Johnson products are doing well both in the United States and in the international market.Figure 2.0 Johnson and Johnson sales by Geographical RegionAdapted from http//www.slideshare.net/mortress /johnson-johnson-27883863 on may 2 ,2014.The figure to a higher place represent the percentage of sales by the geographical area with US having the highest percentage of sales and Asia -Pacific and Africa 25 % ,Europe 20 % and Western hemisphere 11 %. Johnson and Johnson was ranked in Newsweek Green Rankings as the third in United States among large companies that ensure environmental fond operations. Examples include reduction in water use and wastage also increase in company transparency. They are member of national Green power partnership and a report published on the company website shows how the company intends to reduce waste usage and disposal also introducing several new sustainable products which are eco friendly in year 2015. 3.0 PESTEL Framework of Pharmaceutical IndustryPESTEL analysis is a comprehensive useful and structured tool which help significantly in analyzing the Political, Economic, Social ,Technological, Environmental and jural external factor affecting an industry. It is very useful to identify external factors which is likely to impact proximo strategies (Barry, 2010) . it also effective for business planning , trade and product development by helping to understand market growth, business potential and directions of business operations. The pharmaceutical industry has a number of challenges this challenges can be clearly identified using the PESTEL analysis hence allowing for proper strategies to be undertaken.3.1 Political FactorsThe Pharmaceutical industry has seen several increases in political attention of recent years. This is due to the role health care plays and its economic importance. Political interest affects the overall health care sector making the pharmaceutical companies to lobby with government in many of their activities .The challenges of the companies to provide affordable medicines and right to feign profits comes along side economic hardships. Pharmaceutical companies must be able to respond actively to shif t in government policies and should adhere to trends of ethics, compliance andaccountability in order to be successful in the market (Bennett, 1998). health has become pricey and several debates on health care like the US Medicare debate and UK National Health Service debate are aimed to ensure health care are affordable and not financial burden. The regulations of pharmaceutical companies around the world has become more stringent increasing the cost of doing business in the industry, Johnson and Johnson operates worldwide and they must reinforcement updated of the political situation which whitethorn affect their operation of in all country they have operations.3.2 Economic FactorsThe pharmaceutical industries has seen a stack of mergers and encyclopedism of recent years the acquisitions has helped in providing availability of new products and comprehensive database of pharmaceutical products. Most of the companies are funded through cash go down and banks loans and some thr ough the sales of shares and securities .Even with the global economic crises the money spent on health care still continue to increase. Pharmaceutical companies operating internationally should be sensible of the currency line of work they may face for example when the Ireland switched to euro it cause a lot of difficulties such(prenominal) as accounting and it takes a lot of time for it to be convenient . The pharmaceutical industries should be able to predict the economic challenges they are likely to face and ensure they use all opportunity for growth when they have it.3.3 Social FactorsMost Companies around the world integrate both social and environmental factors in their business operations and also in dealing with their stake holders which is a concept of cooperate social responsibilities.Pharmaceutical companies have contributed a lot to the health care system and have produce a lot of products which help in curing dangerous and harmful disease. Pfizer produces liptor wh ich helps significantly in controlling cholesterol and is usually prescribed for diabetes. The industry should be able to scan the occupation of obesity among children and be able to control through providing sufficient health care to fight it .The industry must be able to swiftly respond to changes in the environment and should adhere to ethical and corporate philanthropy so that the society can benefit fromtheir operations.3.4 Technological FactorsThe increase in technological research has seen many development in the pharmaceutical industries this force the top players in the industry to adopt this innovation and invest disbursement on research and development to encourage innovation in the sector. Modern technology have changed the way most pharmaceutical companies operate and they have to keep updated to the change in technology in order to provide the best solutions to customer problem .The advance in technology has created several new business and service which include socia l media health care ,customized treatments and other services3.5 Environmental FactorsStake holders of pharmaceutical industries are now becoming more aware of the strike for the companies to be proactive in environmental agenda .The business operation should be linked one way or the other to issues concerning environment. in that location are several opportunities in ensuring companies incorporate environmental issues into their cooperate social responsibilities hence allowing for development of new product which are eco friendly and cater for the need of the environment. Elder generation consumes more drugs than the young ones which is a cause of concern and most companies put more emphasis for drugs research on elderly patients above 65 years. (Johnson and Johnson, 2008) The society deserve to have access to good health care services and the industry should play a vital role in ensuring research for drugs that are eco friendly and best meet customer posits.3. 6 Legal FactorsCo mpanies operating in the pharmaceutical industries have a lot hindrance and must ensure they comply with the regulatory and legislative standards. The breakthrough in profit is also changing the legislative boundaries as more people take away for rights of better and affordable healthcare .In many developing countries the social environment and political factors influences the decisions pharmaceutical companies make in providing health care and drugs .Several regulatory bodies crack for food and drugs in the market and (F.D.A) food and drug administration conducts product testing labeling and other think operation in verifying drugs and food. They charge some feesin submission and review of application .Also the Irish medicine board has power over Trinity Biotech in regulating the market of introducing new products into America. (Trinity Biotech, 2008) The court-ordered changes in a county can affect the industry positively or negatively, it is the duty of companies operating i n this industry to keep up to date with legal changes as they occur in the country.4.0 SWOT Analysis.4.1 StrengthJohnson and Johnson has built a untroubled brand count on since its inception in1886 and have helped significantly in resoluteness several health problems by providing drugs that solve illness and diseases. The company offers a range of diversified products which cut across baby cares surgical products, pharmaceutical products, internet publishing women sanitary and several more and have built a wide range of customer loyalty. The companies have significant sales and sufficient marketing strategies allowing it to be one of the top players in the world in provision of health care products. Johnson and Johnson have about 29,950 internet do primary(prenominal)s and conduct business globally allowing for global sales of their product and hence differentiating them from competitors.The company supports environmental sensory faculty and work on several programs such as intr oduction of Health future 2015 which is aimed at allowing the society to be more health cautious. Johnson and Johnson has operations in more than sixty(60) countries and have about 275 subsidiaries companies hence allowing for a comprehensive economies of scale and strong customer database.4.2 WeaknessesJohnson and Johnson faces several pressures globally to reduces prices of products and preserves expirations of copyrights .The company spend a lot of time ,money and resources on research and sourcing for information. Diversification is also a failing for Johnson and Johnson as they spend more money trying to grow other sector of their business which they couldinvest more resources on the highly profitable sector. Competitors such as Pfizer and Abbott laboratories are becoming more specialized than Johnson & Johnson concentrating more on pharmaceutical product and having a big market share in the sector. A subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson recalled 43 over the counter children medi cines which include Benadryl, Tylenol because it was revealed by US that some of the products do not meet the specifications. Johnson & Johnson also recalled Auricular excavate replacement in 2010 due to failed prostheses rate increase.4.3 OpportunitiesJohnson and Johnson can grow significantly since its an established brand in the market by concentrating on more ranges of product for economy class and improving presence in rural communities which will help see company growth also it has a lot of opportunities to improve on the market share by focusing on technological innovations and product development . Acquisition of customer health unit of Pfizer is also a major boost for Johnson and Johnson which will help develop the pharmaceutical sector also acquisition of other related pharmaceutical companies will make Johnson and Johnson strengthen its capacity and be able to cover more countries around the globe. (MoneyNews.com) Johnson and Johnson research is improving and they made a breakthrough research in malignant neoplastic disease therapy. Zytiga has captured about 30% prostate cancer market in the United States and saw a sales growth of 70% globally as a way out of strong share and market growth.4.4 ThreatsStrong competition from pricing pressure and global currency fluctuation is a threat to Johnson and Johnson, despite having a strong portfolio of medical devices and diagnostics it is facing a serious pricing pressure for instance the segment growth is only about 0.5% .Other forms of threats to Johnson and Johnson is the brand image weakness due to the recalls of drug by Johnson and Johnson from the market. The currency risk of doing global business has a negative impact and intentional pharmaceutical sales trim by 2% due to the movements in currency. Competition risks is a serious problem for Johnson and Johnson and they face risk of losing patent for their best selling drugs in some years to come for instance their drug Remicade which generated ab out 6.2 billion in revenues for the company in 2012 will lose its Europe patent in 2015. This may cause their pharmaceutical sales toreduce due to several competitions from other lower priced drugs companies.5.0 Porter Five ForcesIn the pharmaceutical industry there are several companies with varying interest. Innovation in the industry is one of the main factors driving growth and economic success .The comprehensive positioning of a company is important as the society is well networked and consumers are continuously exposed to several new products, marketing campaigns which may confuse the consumer on which product to get or which pharmaceutical company is best to patronize. Companies in this industry should ensure their messages are direct, simple and supports customers needs. Attention should be focused on the customers and competitors in order to make the company attain a valuable position in the market (Jobber, 2006) A company must ensure the follow this criteria to successful ly position themselves in the market this criteria include consistency, credibility ,clarity and competitiveness.Figure 5.0 Porter Five ForcesAdapted from http//www.scribd.com/doc/63026751/PESTEL-Analysis on May 2 ,2014.5.1 Threat of New EntrantThreats of new competition is quite low in the pharmaceutical industry ,the high cost associated with research and development of drugs serve as restriction to allow new companies to easily join this industry. Government regulation of medicines and drug related products is also a major head ache for companies trying to reckon the business. The threat of new entrant will not influence Johnson and Johnson because it has developed to be one of the biggest pharmaceutical company having operations around the world and have the finances, customer loyalty and experience to expand its market and carry out new product research. New entrant will face several problem including problem of expenses, research and development, government restriction and r egulations hence letting for only few or no new entrant into the industry.5.2 Degree of rivalry among vivacious firmsThe competition in the pharmaceutical industry is very high and many companies tend to come out with drugs and product which are more effective than the competitors. The main competitors in this industry are in private and public sector where competition is based on the reliability of products, pricing and also customer service.Mergers and acquisition began in the last century this are due to the threat of company patent expiration. Evidence shows that sales decrease significantly as a result of many companies producing similar product. (American Economic, 2006)Competition among rivals is not likely to have high impact on Johnson and Johnson, although the demand of medical supplies increases but the prices still remain still so the competition in prices is not much. Johnson and Johnson also have several sectors which the company focuses on hence creating a wide rang e on several opportunities and allowing them to have added advantages over other competitors.5.3 Bargaining Power of buyersThe increase in price of drugs have made patients to lose their bargaining power and consumer have no choices but to but the drugs prescribe to them by the doctors. The buyers of pharmaceutical products are all in different places and they have no power to influences the pricing of the products. When drugs are procure companies may set prices to include high profits but as soon as the generic versions are available buyers then have more bargaining power. Most buyers tend to switch to generic products that are more affordable and provide related functions.5.4 Bargaining power of suppliersThe bargaining power for pharmaceutical industry is low due to sales of product mostly concentrates on the top players allowing for a low bargaining power for suppliers. Johnson and Johnson use a like manner in choosing suppliers for different categories of their product which include the medical devices and diagnostics, Pharmaceuticals and other products.Although the suppliers have little or no power in bargaining the prices of the product, they may influence the prices for the market in a particular country.5. 5 Threats of SubstituteThe demand for substitute product in this industry is on increase the demand for generic product is high because the brand name products are expensive .The generic drugs companies have little cost associated with research and development allow them to be able to provide similar drugs at much cheaper rate. The threat of substitute for Johnson and Johnson is high due to the availability of traditional medicinal herbs and also other related generic product which claims to do the same function as most of the branded product for Johnson and Johnson. Some of the traditional medicines are even more expensive and customers tend to believe the branded product due to the fact that they may get compensated when they face any problem us ing the products.6.0 Conclusion and passJohnson and Johnson is an established company with a good research and development team The company also have enough finances to take care of daily operation and with global presence around the world they revise their vision in order to increase their products and services to customers. Their strategy also involve identifying the problem people face globally in the world and trying to provide solution to them hence helping in improving the way of life in the society.Johnson and Johnson have built a reputable brand in the world and it is recommended they go deep down into the rural areas and poor countries to improve way of living. go away free vaccination for children and help in providing affordable drugs to people that cannot afford mostly the under developed countries. Also it is recommended they help in making awareness of protecting the environment. They should concentrate more on the segment that provide most profit for the organizati on and not waste time trying to develop segment which does not bring much profit to the organization. This will allow for further research and development of the sector most especially the pharmaceutical segment of their operations.7.0 ReferencingAlex (2013). Johnson and Johnson SWOT & PESTEL analysis .Retrieved online from http//anelecka.blogspot.com/2013/01/johnson-johnson-1.html.Accessed May 25,2014.American Economist (2006) Global competition and the Pharmaceutical Industry in theUnited States Retrieved from http//www.allbusiness.com/government/4062804-1.html Accessed on 22nd May 2014.Barron Magazine The markets Finest, by Michael Santoli, Barrons Magazine, September 2008.Dhruv, M (2003). Factors affecting Phamaceutical industry strategically Retrieved from http//www.slideshare.net/mortress/johnson-johnson-27883863 on May 2 ,2014.Implementation. Oxford EG Books, Elsevierp.13Jobber, D.,Fahy, J. (2006)Foundations of Marketing , London Mc-Graw-HillJohnson & Johnson (2011) .Fourth- Quarter and Full-Year Results Johnson & Johnson. Retrieved from http//www.Jnj.com. on May 18, 2014.MoneyNews (2006) Johnson & Johnson to Buy Pfizer Unit. Retreived from www.moneynew.com on May 22, 2014.Trinity Biotech (2007) Trinity Biotech Annual Report Plc online Retrieved fromhttp//www.financialregulator.ie/data/in_mark_annurepfiles/Trinity%20Biotech%202007.pdf on 22nd May 2014.